1 General Aviation Manufacturers Association.
1 The basic power producing portion of a gas turbine engine and excluding such sections as the inlet duct, the fan section, free power turbines, and tailpipe. Each manufacturer designates what is included as the gas generator, but generally consists of
1 A form of heat engine in which burning fuel adds energy to compressed air and accelerates the air through the remainder of the engine. Some of the energy is extracted to turn the air compressor, and the remainder accelerates the air to produce thrust
4 A navigational aid or fix where an aircraft transitions between the domestic route structure and the oceanic route airspace.
4 The reference plane from which geodetic calculations are made. Or, according to ICAO Annex 15, the numerical or geometrical quantity or set of such quantities (mathematical model) that serves as a reference for computing other quantities in a specific geographic region, such as the latitude and longitude of a point.
1 A type of support that allows an object, such as a gyroscope, to remain in an upright condition when its base is tilted.
12 A heavier-than-air aircraft that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its lifting surfaces, and whose free flight does not depend on an engine.
1 The ratio between distance traveled and altitude lost during non-powered flight.
1 The path of an aircraft relative to the ground while approaching a landing.
4 The angular displacement of the vertical guidance path from a horizontal plane that passes through the reference datum point (RDP). This angle is published on approach charts (e.g., 3.00°, 3.20°, etc.). GPA is sometimes referred to as vertical path angle (VPA).
1 Part of the ILS that projects a radio beam upward at an angle of approximately 3° from the approach end of an instrument runway. The glideslope provides vertical guidance to aircraft on the final approach course for the aircraft to follow when making
5 Part of the ILS that projects a radio beam upward at an angle of approximately 3° from the approach end of an instrument runway. The glideslope provides vertical guidance to aircraft on the final approach course for the aircraft to follow when making an ILS approach along the localizer path.
1 The minimum altitude of an intermediate approach segment prescribed for a precision approach that ensures obstacle clearance.
5 The minimum altitude of an intermediate approach segment prescribed for a precision approach that ensures obstacle clearance.
1 An instrument approach with lateral and vertical guidance with integrity limits (similar to barometric vertical navigation (BARO VNAV).
5 An instrument approach with lateral and vertical guidance with integrity limits (similar to barometric vertical navigation (BRO VNAV).
1 Satellite navigation system that provides autonomous geospatial positioning with global coverage. It allows small electronic receivers to determine their location (longitude, latitude, and altitude) to within a few meters using time signals transmitt
4 An umbrella term adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to encompass any independent satellite navigation system used by a pilot to perform onboard position determinations from the satellite data.
5 Satellite navigation systems that provide autonomous geo-spatial positioning with global coverage. It allows small electronic receivers to determine their location (longitude, latitude, and altitude) to within a few meters using time signals transmitted along a line of sight by radio from satellites.
1 A satellite-based radio positioning, navigation, and time-transfer system.
2 Navigation system that uses satellite rather than ground-based transmitters for location information.
5 Navigation system that uses satellite rather than ground-based transmitters for location information.
1 See global landing system.
4 In the North Atlantic area of operations, a gross navigation error is a lateral separation of more than 25 NM from the centerline of an aircraft’s cleared route, which generates an Oceanic Navigation Error Report. This report is also generated by a vertical separation if you are more than 300 feet off your assigned flight level.
1 See global navigation satellite system.
5 See global navigation satellite systems.
7 A perception factor that describes how a person’s perception of an event depends on beliefs. Motivation toward learning is affected by how much value a person puts on education. Instructors who have some idea of the goals and values of their learners will be more successful in teaching them.
1 Terminating a landing approach.
1 As used in radio frequency (RF) antenna systems, a direction-sensing device consisting of two fixed loops of wire oriented 90° from each other, which separately sense received signal strength and send those signals to two rotors (also oriented 90°) i
5 As used in radio frequency (RF) antenna systems, a direction-sensing device consisting of two fixed loops of wire oriented 90° from each other, which separately sense received signal strength and send those signals to two rotors (also oriented 90°) in the sealed direction-indicating instrument. The rotors are attached to the direction-indicating needle of the instrument and rotated by a small motor until minimum magnetic field is sensed near the rotors.
1 See global positioning system.
5 See global positioning system.
1 An authorization for pilots to use GPS avionics under IFR for flying designated existing non-precision instrument approach procedures, with the exception of LOC, LDA, and SDF procedures.
5 An authorization for pilots to use GPS avionics under IFR for flying designated existing nonprecision instrument approach procedures, with the exception of LOC, LDA, and SDF procedures.
1 See ground proximity warning system.
1 The range of pitch a propeller governor can control during flight.
1 A control which limits the maximum rotational speed of a device.
1 The illusion of the cessation of a turn while still in a prolonged, coordinated, constant rate turn, which can lead a disoriented pilot to a loss of control of the aircraft.
5 The illusion of the cessation of a turn while still in a prolonged, coordinated, constant rate turn, which can lead a disoriented pilot to a loss of control of the aircraft.
12 Also called soft hail or snow pellets, these are white, round or conical ice particles 1⁄8 to 1⁄4 inch in diameter. They often form as a thunderstorm matures and indicate the likelihood of lightning.
1 The shortest distance across the surface of a sphere (the Earth) between two points on the surface.
5 The shortest distance across the surface of a sphere (the Earth) between two points on the surface.
1 Non-movable metal trim tab on a control surface. Bent in one direction or another while on the ground to apply trim forces to the control surface.
1 A system designed to determine an aircraft’s clearance above the Earth and provides limited predictability about aircraft position relative to rising terrain.
5 A system designed to determine an aircraft’s clearance above the Earth and provides limited predictability about aircraft position relative to rising terrain.
1 Speed over the ground, either closing speed to the station or waypoint, or speed over the ground in whatever direction the aircraft is going at the moment, depending upon the navigation system used.
5 Speed over the ground, either closing speed to the station or waypoint, or speed over the ground in whatever direction the aircraft is going at the moment, depending upon the navigation system used.
1 The total weight of a fully loaded aircraft including the fuel, oil, crew, passengers, and cargo.
1 A metal trim tab on a control surface that is not adjustable in flight. Bent in one direction or another while on the ground to apply trim forces to the control surface.
1 Gas turbine engine speed usually 60-70 percent of the maximum rpm range, used as a minimum thrust setting for ground operations.
1 A sharp, uncontrolled change of direction of an airplane on the ground.
1 A type of small gas turbine whose purpose is to provide electrical power, and/or air pressure for starting aircraft engines. A ground unit is connected to the aircraft when needed. Similar to an aircraft-installed auxiliary power unit.
1 The aircraft’s path over the ground when in flight.
1 The actual speed of the airplane over the ground. It is true airspeed adjusted for wind. Groundspeed decreases with a headwind, and increases with a tailwind.
5 See glide slope.
1 See glideslope.
7 An educational presentation typically used in the classroom where the topic to be covered by a group is introduced and the instructor participates only as necessary to keep the group focused on the subject.
1 The speed that gives the greatest margin between the high and low Mach speed buffets.
1 See ground proximity warning system.
5 See ground proximity warning system.
1 An inherent quality of rotating bodies, which causes an applied force to be manifested 90o in the direction of rotation from the point where the force is applied.
2 An inherent quality of rotating bodies, which causes an applied force to be manifested 90° in the direction of rotation from the point where the force is applied.