12 A type of glider with the horizontal stabilizer mounted on the top of the vertical stabilizer forming a T.
2 See terminal arrival area.
5 See terminal arrival area.
2 See tactical air navigation.
5 See tactical air navigation.
2 An electronic navigation system used by military aircraft, providing both distance and direction information.
5 An electronic navigation system used by military aircraft, providing both distance and direction information.
1 See conventional landing gear.
2 Per 14 CFR section 23.51: “the calibrated airspeed on the ground at which, as a result of engine failure or other reasons, the pilot assumed to have made a decision to continue or discontinue the takeoff.”
2 The distance required to complete an all-engines operative takeoff to the 35-foot height. It must be at least 15 percent less than the distance required for a one-engine inoperative engine takeoff. This distance is not normally a limiting factor as i
1 The total distance required for an aircraft to become airborne.
2 Per 14 CFR part 1: “A referenced airspeed obtained after lift-off at which the required one- engine-inoperative climb performance can be achieved.”
1 A thrust reverser in a jet engine in which clamshell doors swivel from the stowed position at the engine tailpipe to block all of the outflow and redirect some component of the thrust forward.
7 Knowledge area, flight procedure, or maneuver within an area of operation in a practical test standard.
2 See terrain awareness and warning system.
5 See terrain awareness and warning system.
1 Omnidirectional lights that outline the edges of the taxiway and are blue in color.
2 Omnidirectional lights that outline the edges of the taxiway and are blue in color.
1 Flush lights which emit a steady green color.
2 Lights that are flush with the runway which emit a steady green color.
7 A systematic classification scheme for sorting learning outcomes into three broad categories (cognitive, affective, and psychomotor) and ranking the desired outcomes in a developmental hierarchy from least complex to most complex.
7 Instructing, training, or imparting knowledge or skill; the profession of someone who teaches.
7 An oral presentation that is directed toward desired learning outcomes. Some learner participation is allowed.
7 A technique of flight instruction that consists of the instructor first telling the learner about a new procedure and then demonstrating it. This is followed by the learner telling and the instructor doing. Third, the learner explains the new procedure while doing it. Last, the instructor evaluates while the learner performs the procedure.
4 TAAs are the method by which aircraft are transitioned from the RNAV en route structure to the terminal area with minimal ATC interaction. The TAA consists of a designated volume of airspace designed to allow aircraft to enter a protected area, offering guaranteed obstacle clearance where the initial approach course is intercepted based on the location of the aircraft relative to the airport.
7 A set of questions, problems, or exercises for determining whether a person has a particular knowledge or skill.
7 A question, problem, or exercise that measures a single objective and requires a single response.
2 See traffic alert collision avoidance system.
5 See traffic alert collision avoidance system.
2 See threshold crossing height.
5 See threshold crossing height.
2 See touchdown zone elevation.
5 See touchdown zone elevation.
2 See Tower En Route Control.
5 See Tower En Route Control.
2 The manner in which procedures are executed.
5 The manner in which procedures are executed.
2 An FSS service providing continuously updated automated telephone recordings of area and/or route weather, airspace procedures, and special aviation-oriented announcements.
2 Restriction to flight imposed in order to: 1. Protect persons and property in the air or on the surface from an existing or imminent flight associated hazard; 2. Provide a safe environment for the operation of disaster relief aircraft; 3. Prevent an
5 Restriction to flight imposed in order to: Protect persons and property in the air or on the surface from an existing or imminent flight associated hazard; Provide a safe environment for the operation of disaster relief aircraft; Prevent an unsafe congestion of sightseeing aircraft above an incident; Protect the President, Vice President, or other public figures; and, Provide a safe environment for space agency operations. Pilots are expected to check appropriate NOTAMs during flight
2 Maintaining an excessively strong grip on the control column, usually resulting in an overcontrolled situation.
5 Maintaining an excessively strong grip on the control column, usually resulting in an overcontrolled situation.
2 A report established for the 5 statute mile radius around an airport. Utilizes the same descriptors and abbreviations as the METAR report.
2 A procedure to provide a new transition method for arriving aircraft equipped with FMS and/or GPS navigational equipment. The TAA contains a “T” structure that normally provides a NoPT for aircraft using the approach.
5 A procedure to provide a new transition method for arriving aircraft equipped with FMS and/or GPS navigational equipment. The T A A contains a “T” structure that normally provides a NoPT for aircraft using the approach.
2 Prescribes standardized methods for use in designing instrument flight procedures.
5 Prescribes standardized methods for use in designing instrument flight procedures.
2 Areas where participating pilots can receive additional radar services. The purpose of the service is to provide separation between all IFR operations and participating VFR aircraft.
2 See terminal instrument approach procedure.
5 See terminal instrument approach procedure.
2 A timed-based system that provides information concerning potential hazards with fixed objects by using GPS positioning and a database of terrain and obstructions to provide true predictability of the upcoming terrain and obstacles.
5 A timed-based system that provides information concerning potential hazards with fixed objects by using GPS positioning and a database of terrain and obstructions to provide true predictability of the upcoming terrain and obstacles.
1 A large, triangular-shaped, kite-like object installed near the runway. Tetrahedrons are mounted on a pivot and are free to swing with the wind to show the pilot the direction of the wind as an aid in takeoffs and landings.
2 See temporary flight restriction.
5 See temporary flight restriction.
12 A buoyant plume or bubble of rising air.
2 The last layer of the atmosphere that begins above the mesosphere and gradually fades away into space.
4 The beginning of the part of the runway usable for landing.
2 The theoretical height above the runway threshold at which the aircraft’s glideslope antenna would be if the aircraft maintained the trajectory established by the mean ILS glideslope or MLS glidepath.
5 The theoretical height above the runway threshold at which the aircraft’s glide slope antenna would be if the aircraft maintains the trajectory established by the mean ILS glide slope or MLS glide path.
12 For any given level is the temperature of the air parcel having risen at the dry adiabatic lapse rate (DALR) subtracted from the ambient temperature. Experience has shown that a TI should be –2 for thermals to form and be sufficiently strong for soaring flight.
12 Waves, often but not always marked by cloud streets, that are excited by convection disturbing an overlying stable layer. Also called convection waves.
12 A chart presenting isopleths of pressure, temperature, water vapor content, as well as dry and saturated adiabats. Various forms exist, the most commonly used in the United States being the Skew-T/Log-P.
1 The valve in a carburetor or fuel control unit that determines the amount of fuel-air mixture that is fed to the engine.
1 The force which imparts a change in the velocity of a mass. This force is measured in pounds but has no element of time or rate. The term, thrust required, is generally associated with jet engines. A forward force which propels the airplane through t
2 The force which imparts a change in the velocity of a mass. This force is measured in pounds but has no element of time or rate. The term “thrust required” is generally associated with jet engines. A forward force which propels the airplane through t
12 The forward force that propels a powered glider through the air.
2 The forward aerodynamic force produced by a propeller, fan, or turbojet engine as it forces a mass of air to the rear, behind the aircraft.
5 The forward aerodynamic force produced by a propeller, fan, or turbojet engine as it forces a mass of air to the rear, behind the aircraft.
1 An imaginary line passing through the center of the propeller hub, perpendicular to the plane of the propeller rotation.
2 An imaginary line passing through the center of the propeller hub, perpendicular to the plane of the propeller rotation.
1 Devices which redirect the flow of jet exhaust to reverse the direction of thrust.
1 The application of muscular coordination at the proper instant to make flight, and all maneuvers incident thereto, a constant smooth process.
7 A perception factor in which learning something is dependent on the individual having the time to sense and relate current experiences in context with previous events.
2 A table depicted on an instrument approach procedure chart that identifies the distance from the FAF to the MAP, and provides the time required to transit that distance based on various groundspeeds.
5 A table depicted on an instrument approach procedure chart that identifies the distance from the FAF to the MAP, and provides the time required to transit that distance based on various groundspeeds.
2 A turn in which the clock and the turn coordinator are used to change heading a definite number of degrees in a given time.
5 A turn in which the clock and the turn coordinator are used to change heading a definite number of degrees in a given time.
1 Woven metal wire laminated into the tire to provide extra strength. A tire showing any cord must be replaced prior to any further flight.
2 See traffic information service.
5 See traffic information service.
2 Includes the federal aviation regulations governing the operation of aircraft, airways, and airmen.
5 The federal aviation regulations governing the operation of aircraft, airways, and airmen.
4 An identifiable waypoint representing the point at which cruise altitude is first reached. TOC is calculated based on your current aircraft altitude, climb speed, and cruise altitude. There can only be one TOC waypoint at a time.
4 Generally utilized in flight management systems, top of descent is an identifiable waypoint representing the point at which descent is first initiated from cruise altitude. TOD is generally calculated using the destination elevation (if available) and the descent speed schedule.
1 1. A resistance to turning or twisting. 2. Forces that produce a twisting or rotating motion. 3. In an airplane, the tendency of the aircraft to turn (roll) in the opposite direction of rotation of the engine and propeller.
2 (1) A resistance to turning or twisting. (2) Forces that produce a twisting or rotating motion. (3) In an airplane, the tendency of the aircraft to turn (roll) in the opposite direction of rotation of the engine and propeller. (4) In helicopters with
1 An indicator used on some large reciprocating engines or on turboprop engines to indicate the amount of torque the engine is producing.
2 An instrument used with some of the larger reciprocating engines and turboprop or turboshaft engines to measure the reaction between the propeller reduction gears and the engine case.
1 See torque meter.
1 The sum of the parasite and induced drag.
2 The sum of the parasite drag and induced drag.
12 The sum of parasite and induced drag.
1 An energy error where the total amount of mechanical energy is not correct. The airplane has too much or too little total energy relative to the intended altitude-speed profile. When this error occurs, the pilot will observe that altitude and airspee
1 Sum of the energy in altitude (potential energy) and the energy in airspeed (kinetic energy).
4 The TLOF is a load bearing, usually paved, area at a heliport where the helicopter is permitted to land. The TLOF can be located at ground or rooftop level, or on an elevated structure. The TLOF is normally centered in the FATO.
4 The RVR visibility readout values obtained from sensors serving the runway touchdown zone.
2 The highest elevation in the first 3,000 feet of the landing surface, TDZE is indicated on the instrument approach procedure chart when straight-in landing minimums are authorized.
4 The highest elevation in the first 3,000 feet of the landing surface.
5 The highest elevation in the first 3,000 feet of the landing surface, TDZE is indicated on the instrument approach procedure chart when straight-in landing minimums are authorized.
1 Two rows of transverse light bars disposed symmetrically about the runway centerline in the runway touchdown zone.
2 Two rows of transverse light bars disposed symmetrically about the runway centerline in the runway touchdown zone.
2 The control of IFR en route traffic within delegated airspace between two or more adjacent approach control facilities, designed to expedite traffic and reduce control and pilot communication requirements.
4 The control of IFR en route traffic within delegated airspace between two or more adjacent approach control facilities. This service is designed to expedite air traffic and reduces air traffic control and pilot communication requirements.
5 The control of IFR en route traffic within delegated airspace between two or more adjacent approach control facilities, designed to expedite traffic and reduce control and pilot communication requirements.
12 A mechanism allowing the attachment and release of a towrope on the glider or towplane. On gliders, it is located near the nose or directly ahead of the main wheel. Two types oftowhooks commonly used in gliders are manufactured by Tost and Schweizer.
2 See United States Terminal Procedures Publication.
5 See United States Terminal Procedures Publication.
4 A new type of air traffic facility that consists of a radar approach control facility located in the tower cab of the primary airport, as opposed to a separate room.
1 The actual path made over the ground in flight.
2 The actual path made over the ground in flight.
2 Flying a heading that will maintain the desired track to or from the station regardless of crosswind conditions.
5 Flying a heading that will maintain the desired track to or from the station regardless of crosswind conditions.
7 Written testing, such as multiple choice, matching, true-false, or fill-in-the-blank.
2 An airborne system developed by the FAA that operates independently from the ground-based Air Traffic Control system. Designed to increase flight deck awareness of proximate aircraft and to serve as a “last line of defense” for the prevention of mida
5 An airborne system developed by the FAA that operates independently from the ground-based Air Traffic Control system. Designed to increase flight deck awareness of proximate aircraft and to serve as a “last line of defense” for the prevention of mid-air collisions.
2 A ground-based service providing information to the flight deck via data link using the S-mode transponder and altitude encoder to improve the safety and efficiency of “see and avoid” flight through an automatic display that informs the pilot of near
5 A ground-based service providing information to the flight deck via data link using the S-mode transponder and altitude encoder to improve the safety and efficiency of “see and avoid” flight through an automatic display that informs the pilot of nearby traffic.
4 An air traffic surveillance system that combines all available traffic information on a single display.
4 A software suite that helps air traffic controllers to sequence arriving air traffic.
1 The portion of the airfoil where the airflow over the upper surface rejoins the lower surface airflow.
2 The portion of the airfoil where the airflow over the upper surface rejoins the lower surface airflow.
7 Within a curriculum, describes the content of a particular course by statement of objectives, descriptions of teaching aids, definition of evaluation criteria, and indication of desired outcome.
7 Any physical means that communicates an instructional message to learners.
7 A step-by-step, building block progression of learning with provisions for regular review and evaluations at prescribed stages of learning. The syllabus defines the unit of training, states by objective what the learner is expected to accomplish during the unit of training, shows an organized plan for instruction, and dictates the evaluation process for either the unit or stages of learning.
4 The altitude in the vicinity of an airport at or below which the vertical position of an aircraft is controlled by reference to altitudes (MSL).
4 The lowest flight level available for use above the transition altitude.
4 Transition height is the height in the vicinity of an airport at or below which the vertical position of an aircraft is expressed in height above the airport reference datum.
4 Transition layer is the airspace between the transition altitude and the transition level. Aircraft descending through the transition layer will set altimeters to local station pressure, while departing aircraft climbing through the transition layer will be using standard altimeter setting (QNE) of 29.92 inches of Mercury, 1013.2 millibars, or 1013.2 hectopascals.
1 The portion of the combustor that directs the gases into the turbine plenum.
7 The ability to apply knowledge or procedures learned in one context to new contexts
2 An FSS service, available in Alaska only, providing continuously updated automated broadcast of meteorological and aeronautical data over selected L/MF and VOR NAVAIDs.
5 Meteorological and aeronautical data recorded on tapes and broadcast over selected NA V AIDs. Generally, the broadcast contains route- oriented data with specially prepared NWS forecasts, inflight advisories, and winds aloft. It also includes selected current information such as weather reports (METAR/SPECI), NOTAMs, and special notices.
1 At the speed of sound.
1 The airborne portion of the secondary surveillance radar system. The transponder emits a reply when queried by a radar facility.
2 The airborne portion of the ATC radar beacon system.
5 The airborne portion of the A TC radar beacon system.
2 One of 4,096 four-digit discrete codes ATC assigns to distinguish between aircraft.
5 One of 4,096 four-digit discrete codes ATC assigns to distinguish between aircraft.
2 Immediate indication of the direction of aircraft movement, as shown on instruments.
5 Immediate indication of the direction of aircraft movement, as shown on instruments.
1 Landing gear employing a third wheel located on the nose of the aircraft.
2 Landing gear employing a third wheel located on the nose of the aircraft.
2 To adjust the aerodynamic forces on the control surfaces so that the aircraft maintains the set attitude without any control input.
5 Adjusting the aerodynamic forces on the control surfaces so that the aircraft maintains the set attitude without any control input.
12 Any device designed to reduce or eliminate pressure on the control stick. When properly trimmed, the glider should fly at the desired airspeed with no control pressure from the pilot (i.e., hands off). Trim mechanisms are either external tabs on the elevator (or stabilator) or a simple spring-tension system connected to the control stick.
1 A small auxiliary hinged portion of a movable control surface that can be adjusted during flight to a position resulting in a balance of control forces.
2 A small auxiliary hinged portion of a movable control surface that can be adjusted during flight to a position resulting in a balance of control forces.
1 Usually a turbofan engine design where the fan is the N1 compressor, followed by the N2 intermediate compressor, and the N3 high pressure compressor, all of which rotate on separate shafts at different speeds.
1 The boundary layer between the troposphere and the mesosphere which acts as a lid to confine most of the water vapor, and the associated weather, to the troposphere.
2 The boundary layer between the troposphere and the stratosphere which acts as a lid to confine most of the water vapor, and the associated weather, to the troposphere.
1 The layer of the atmosphere extending from the surface to a height of 20,000 to 60,000 feet depending on latitude.
2 The layer of the atmosphere extending from the surface to a height of 20,000 to 60,000 feet, depending on latitude.
1 Calibrated airspeed corrected for altitude and nonstandard temperature. Because air density decreases with an increase in altitude, an airplane has to be flown faster at higher altitudes to cause the same pressure difference between pitot impact pres
2 Actual airspeed, determined by applying a correction for pressure altitude and temperature to the CAS.
5 Actual airspeed, determined by applying a correction for pressure altitude and temperature to the CAS.
1 The vertical distance of the airplane above sea level—the actual altitude. It is often expressed as feet above mean sea level (MSL). Airport, terrain, and obstacle elevations on aeronautical charts are true altitudes.
2 The vertical distance of the airplane above sea level—the actual altitude. It is often expressed as feet above mean sea level (MSL). Airport, terrain, and obstacle elevations on aeronautical charts are true altitudes.
12 The actual height of an object above mean sea level.
7 A test item consisting of a statement followed by an opportunity for the learner to determine whether the statement is true or false.
2 A fuselage design made up of supporting structural members that resist deformation by applied loads. The truss- type fuselage is constructed of steel or aluminum tubing. Strength and rigidity is achieved by welding the tubing together into a series o
1 An aircraft with the horizontal stabilizer mounted on the top of the vertical stabilizer, forming a T.
2 An aircraft with the horizontal stabilizer mounted on the top of the vertical stabilizer, forming a T.
1 The portion of the turbine assembly that absorbs the energy of the expanding gases and converts it into rotational energy.
2 The total pressure at the discharge of the low-pressure turbine in a dual-turbine axial- flow engine.
2 An aircraft engine which consists of an air compressor, a combustion section, and a turbine. Thrust is produced by increasing the velocity of the air flowing through the engine.
1 The temperature of the gases as they exit the turbine section.
1 The portion of the combustor where the gases are collected to be evenly distributed to the turbine blades.
1 The portion of the turbine assembly that mounts to the shaft and holds the turbine blades in place.
1 The section of the engine that converts high pressure high temperature gas into rotational energy.
1 An air compressor driven by exhaust gases, which increases the pressure of the air going into the engine through the carburetor or fuel injection system.
1 A turbojet engine in which additional propulsive thrust is gained by extending a portion of the compressor or turbine blades outside the inner engine case. The extended blades propel bypass air along the engine axis but between the inner and outer ca
2 A fanlike turbojet engine designed to create additional thrust by diverting a secondary airflow around the combustion chamber.
1 A jet engine incorporating a turbine-driven air compressor to take in and compress air for the combustion of fuel, the gases of combustion being used both to rotate the turbine and create a thrust producing jet.
2 A turbine engine which produces its thrust entirely by accelerating the air through the engine.
1 A turbine engine that drives a propeller through a reduction gearing arrangement. Most of the energy in the exhaust gases is converted into torque, rather than its acceleration being used to propel the aircraft.
2 A turbine engine which drives a propeller through a reduction gearing arrangement. Most of the energy in the exhaust gases is converted into torque, rather than using its acceleration to drive the aircraft.
2 A gas turbine engine that delivers power through a shaft to operate something other than a propeller.
1 An occurrence in which a flow of fluid is unsteady.
1 A rate gyro that senses both roll and yaw due to the gimbal being canted. Has largely replaced the turn-and-slip indicator in modern aircraft.
1 A flight instrument consisting of a rate gyro to indicate the rate of yaw and a curved glass inclinometer to indicate the relationship between gravity and centrifugal force. The turn-and-slip indicator indicates the relationship between angle of bank
2 A flight instrument consisting of a rate gyro to indicate the rate of yaw and a curved glass inclinometer to indicate the relationship between gravity and centrifugal force. The turn-and-slip indicator indicates the relationship between angle of bank
2 A rate gyro that senses both roll and yaw due to the gimbal being canted. Has largely replaced the turn-and-slip indicator in modern aircraft.
1 One of the errors inherent in a magnetic compass caused by the dip compensating weight. It shows up only on turns to or from northerly headings in the Northern Hemisphere and southerly headings in the Southern Hemisphere. Turning error causes the com
4 A WP that identifies a change from one course to another.
2 See Transcribed Weather Broadcast.
5 See Transcribed Weather Broadcast.