2 See initial approach fix.
5 See initial approach fix.
2 See instrument approach procedures.
5 See instrument approach procedures.
2 See indicated airspeed.
5 See indicated airspeed.
2 See International Civil Aviation Organization.
5 See International Civil Aviation Organization.
2 Air Traffic Control request for a pilot to push the button on the transponder to identify return on the controller’s scope.
5 Air Traffic Control request for a pilot to push the button on the transponder to identify return on the controller’s scope.
12 Drag that is the consequence of developing lift with a finite-span wing. It can be represented by a vector that results from the difference between total and vertical lift.
12 The tendency of a mass at rest to remain at rest or, if in motion, to remain in motion unless acted upon by some external force.
2 See instrument flight rules.
5 See instrument flight rules.
7 An oral presentation where the speaker relies heavily on visual aids to convey ideas to the listeners.
2 See instrument landing system.
5 See instrument landing system.
2 Categories of instrument approach procedures allowed at airports equipped with the following types of instrument landing systems: ILS Category I: Provides for approach to a height above touchdown of not less than 200 feet, and with runway visual rang
5 Categories of instrument approach procedures allowed at airports equipped with the following types of instrument landing systems: see ILS Categories I, II, IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC.
5 Provides for approach to a height above touchdown of not less than 200 feet, and with runway visual range of not less than 1,800 feet.
5 Provides for approach to a height above touchdown of not less than 100 feet and with runway visual range of not less than 1,200 feet.
5 Provides for approach without a decision height minimum and with runway visual range of not less than 700 feet.
5 Provides for approach without a decision height minimum and with runway visual range of not less than 150 feet.
5 Provides for approach without a decision height minimum and without runway visual range minimum.
5 See instrument meteorological conditions.
1 The electrical device used to provide the spark for starting combustion in a turbine engine. Some igniters resemble spark plugs, while others, called glow plugs, have a coil of resistance wire that glows red hot when electrical current flows through
2 See instrument meteorological conditions.
1 Ice that forms on the wings and control surfaces or on the carburetor heat valve, the walls of the air scoop, or the carburetor units during flight. Impact ice collecting on the metering elements of the carburetor may upset fuel metering or stop carb
1 An instrument consisting of a curved glass tube, housing a glass ball, and damped with a fluid similar to kerosene. It may be used to indicate inclination, as a level, or, as used in the turn indicators, to show the relationship between gravity and c
2 An instrument consisting of a curved glass tube, housing a glass ball, and damped with a fluid similar to kerosene. It may be used to indicate inclination, as a level, or, as used in the turn indicators, to show the relationship between gravity and c
1 The direct instrument reading obtained from the airspeed indicator, uncorrected for variations in atmospheric density, installation error, or instrument error. Manufacturers use this airspeed as the basis for determining airplane performance. Takeoff
2 Shown on the dial of the instrument airspeed indicator on an aircraft. Indicated airspeed (IAS) is the airspeed indicator reading uncorrected for instrument, position, and other errors. Indicated airspeed means the speed of an aircraft as shown on it
5 Shown on the dial of the instrument airspeed indicator on an aircraft. Directly related to calibrated airspeed (CAS), IAS includes instrument errors and position error.
1 The altitude read directly from the altimeter (uncorrected) when it is set to the current altimeter setting.
2 The altitude read directly from the altimeter (uncorrected) when it is set to the current altimeter setting.
2 A reflection of aircraft pitch-and-bank attitude by instruments other than the attitude indicator.
5 A reflection of aircraft pitch-and-bank attitude by the instruments other than the attitude indicator.
1 That part of total drag which is created by the production of lift. Induced drag increases with a decrease in airspeed.
2 Drag caused by the same factors that produce lift; its amount varies inversely with airspeed. As airspeed decreases, the angle of attack must increase, in turn increasing induced drag.
5 Drag caused by the same factors that produce lift; its amount varies inversely with airspeed. As airspeed decreases, the angle of attack must increase, in turn increasing induced drag.
2 A type of ice in the induction system that reduces the amount of air available for combustion. The most commonly found induction icing is carburetor icing.
5 A type of ice in the induction system that reduces the amount of air available for combustion. The most commonly found induction icing is carburetor icing.
1 The part of the engine that distributes intake air to the cylinders.
1 The opposition which a body offers to a change of motion.
2 A computer-based navigation system that tracks the movement of an aircraft via signals produced by onboard accelerometers. The initial location of the aircraft is entered into the computer, and all subsequent movement of the aircraft is sensed and us
5 A computer-based navigation system that tracks the movement of an aircraft via signals produced by onboard accelerometers. The initial location of the aircraft is entered into the computer, and all subsequent movement of the aircraft is sensed and used to keep the position updated. An INS does not require any inputs from outside signals.
2 The fix depicted on IAP charts where the instrument approach procedure (IAP) begins unless otherwise authorized by ATC.
5 The fix depicted on IAP charts where the instrument approach procedure (IAP) begins unless otherwise authorized by ATC.
1 This stage of the climb begins when the airplane leaves the ground and a pitch attitude has been established to climb away from the takeoff area.
2 Higher minimums are prescribed when the specified visual aids are not functioning; this information is listed in the Inoperative Components Table found in the United States Terminal Procedures Publications.
5 Higher minimums are prescribed when the specified visual aids are not functioning; this information is listed in the Inoperative Components Table found in the United States Terminal Procedures Publications.
2 See inertial navigation system.
5 See inertial navigation system.
2 Assists in interpretation by instantaneously indicating the rate of climb or descent at a given moment with little or no lag as displayed in a vertical speed indicator (VSI).
5 Assists in interpretation by instantaneously indicating the rate of climb or descent at a given moment with little or no lag as displayed in a vertical speed indicator (VSI).
7 The grouping of perceptions into meaningful wholes. Creating insight is one of the instructor’s major responsibilities.
7 Devices that assist an instructor in the teaching-learning process. They are supplementary training devices, and are not self-supporting.
2 A series of predetermined maneuvers for the orderly transfer of an aircraft under IFR from the beginning of the initial approach to a landing or to a point from which a landing may be made visually.
5 A series of predetermined maneuvers for the orderly transfer of an aircraft under IFR from the beginning of the initial approach to a landing or to a point from which a landing may be made visually.
1 Rules that govern the procedure for conducting flight in weather conditions below VFR weather minimums. The term “IFR” also is used to define weather conditions and the type of flight plan under which an aircraft is operating.
2 Rules and regulations established by the Federal Aviation Administration to govern flight under conditions in which flight by outside visual reference is not safe. IFR flight depends upon flying by reference to instruments in the flight deck, and nav
5 Rules and regulations established by the Federal Aviation Administration to govern flight under conditions in which flight by outside visual reference is not safe. IFR flight depends upon flying by reference to instruments in the flight deck, and navigation is accomplished by reference to electronic signals.
2 An electronic system that provides both horizontal and vertical guidance to a specific runway, used to execute a precision instrument approach procedure.
4 A precision instrument approach system that normally consists of the following electronic components and visual aids: localizer, glide slope, outer marker, middle marker, and approach lights.
5 An electronic system that provides both horizontal and vertical guidance to a specific runway, used to execute a precision instrument approach procedure.
2 Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from clouds, and ceiling less than the minimums specified for visual meteorological conditions, requiring operations to be conducted under IFR.
5 Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from clouds, and ceiling less than the minimums specified for visual meteorological conditions, requiring operations to be conducted under IFR.
12 Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling less than the minimum specified for visual meteorological conditions (VMC). Gliders rarely fly in IMC due to instrumentation and air traffic control requirements.
7 An evaluation ride based on the instrument rating practical test standard which is required to regain instrument flying privileges when the privileges have expired due to lack of currency.
4 Instrument Procedure with Vertical Guidance (IPV)
2 Using the instruments rather than outside visual cues to maintain runway heading and execute a safe takeoff.
5 Using the instruments rather than outside visual cues to maintain runway heading and execute a safe takeoff.
1 A portion of the aircraft structure, usually a wing, which is sealed off and used as a fuel tank. When a wing is used as an integral fuel tank, it is called a “wet wing.”
7 A technique of flight instruction in which learners are taught to perform flight maneuvers by reference to both the flight instruments and to outside visual references from the time the maneuver is first introduced. Handling of the controls is the same regardless of whether flight instruments or outside references are being used.
7 A principle of learning in which a dramatic or exciting learning experience is likely to be remembered longer than a boring experience. Learners experiencing the real thing will learn understand more than when they are merely told about the real thing.
7 Software that responds quickly to certain choices and commands by the user. A typical system consists of a compact disk, computer, and video technology.
1 A device used to reduce the temperature of the compressed air before it enters the fuel metering device. The resulting cooler air has a higher density, which permits the engine to be operated with a higher power setting.
2 A device used to reduce the temperatures of the compressed air before it enters the fuel metering device. The resulting cooler air has a higher density, which permits the engine to be operated with a higher power setting.
7 (1) A theory of forgetting proposing that a person forgets something because a certain experience overshadows it, or the learning of similar things has intervened. (2) Barriers to effective communication that are caused by physiological, environmental, and psychological factors outside the direct control of the instructor. The instructor must take these factors into account in order to communicate effectively.
2 Drag generated by the collision of airstreams creating eddy currents, turbulence, or restrictions to smooth flow.
5 Drag generated by the collision of airstreams creating eddy currents, turbulence, or restrictions to smooth flow.
1 An engine that produces power as a result of expanding hot gases from the combustion of fuel and air within the engine itself. A steam engine where coal is burned to heat up water inside the engine is an example of an external combustion engine.
7 An electronic network that connects computers around the world.
2 The United Nations agency for developing the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fostering planning and development of international civil air transport.
4 ICAO is a specialized agency of the United Nations whose objective is to develop standard principles and techniques of international air navigation and to promote development of civil aviation.
5 The United Nations agency for developing the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fostering planning and development of international civil air transport.
1 Standard atmospheric conditions consisting of a temperature of 59 °F (15 °C), and a barometric pressure of 29.92 "Hg. (1013.2 mb) at sea level. ISA values can be calculated for various altitudes using a standard lapse rate of approximately 2 °C per 1
2 International standard atmosphere (IAS). A model of standard variation of pressure and temperature.
5 A model of standard variation of pressure and temperature.
2 An increase in temperature with altitude.
2 The feeling that the aircraft is tumbling backwards, caused by an abrupt change from climb to straight- and-level flight while in situations lacking visual reference.
5 The feeling that the aircraft is tumbling backwards, caused by an abrupt change from climb to straight- and-level flight while in situations lacking visual reference.
1 The temperature of the gases between the high pressure and low pressure turbines.
12 Usually refers to an increase in temperature with height, but may also be used for other atmospheric variables.
1 An electrical device that changes DC to AC power.
2 A solid-state electronic device that converts D.C. into A.C. current of the proper voltage and frequency to operate A.C. gyro instruments.
5 A solid-state electronic device that converts D.C. into A.C. current of the proper voltage and frequency to operate A.C. gyro instruments.
1 Unrecoverable depletion of mechanical energy as a result of continuous loss of airspeed and/or altitude coupled with insufficient excess power available under a given flight condition. Failure to recover above a certain critical AGL altitude results
2 Lines which connect points of equal barometric pressure.
12 Lines of equal relative humidity.
2 Lines drawn across aeronautical charts to connect points having the same magnetic variation.
5 Lines drawn across aeronautical charts to connect points having the same magnetic variation.
12 A line connecting points of constant or equal value.
12 A contour line of equal temperature.
2 See instantaneous vertical speed indicator.
5 See instantaneous vertical speed indicator.